Sunday, February 22, 2015


Joel Alvarado 
2/22/2015
LEH 355
                                                Siddhartha: Awakening
            When Siddhartha left the grove, where the Buddha, the perfected one, stayed behind, where Govinda stayed behind, then he felt that in this grove his past life also stayed behind and parted from him. He pondered about this sensation, which filled him completely, as he was slowly walking along. He pondered deeply, like diving into a deep water he let himself sink down to the ground of the sensation, down to the place where the causes lie, because to identify the causes, so it seemed to him, is the very essence of thinking, and by this alone sensations turn into realizations and are not lost, but become entities and start to emit like rays of light what is inside of them.
Slowly walking along, Siddhartha pondered. He realized that he was no youth any more, but had turned into a man. He realized that one thing had left him, as a snake is left by its old skin, that one thing no longer existed in him, which had accompanied him throughout his youth and used to be a part of him: the wish to have teachers and to listen to teachings. He had also left the last teacher who had appeared on his path, even him, the highest and wisest teacher, the most holy one, Buddha, he had left him, had to part with him, was not able to accept his teachings.
Slower, he walked along in his thoughts and asked himself: "But what is this, what you have sought to learn from teachings and from teachers, and what they, who have taught you much, were still unable to teach you?" And he found: "It was the self, the purpose and essence of which I sought to learn. It was the self, I wanted to free myself from, which I sought to overcome. But I was not able to overcome it, could only deceive it, could only flee from it, only hide from it. Truly, no thing in this world has kept my thoughts thus busy, as this my very own self, this mystery of me being alive, of me being one and being separated and isolated from all others, of me being Siddhartha! And there is no thing in this world I know less about than about me, about Siddhartha!"
Having been pondering while slowly walking along, he now stopped as these thoughts caught hold of him, and right away another thought sprang forth from these, a new thought, which was: "That I know nothing about myself, that Siddhartha has remained thus alien and unknown to me, stems from one cause, a single cause: I was afraid of myself, I was fleeing from myself! I searched Atman, I searched Brahman, I was willing to dissect my self and peel off all of its layers, to find the core of all peels in its unknown interior, the Atman, life, the divine part, the ultimate part. But I have lost myself in the process."
Siddhartha opened his eyes and looked around, a smile filled his face and a feeling of awakening from long dreams flowed through him from his head down to his toes. And it was not long before he walked again, walked quickly like a man who knows what he has got to do.
"Oh," he thought, taking a deep breath, "now I would not let Siddhartha escape from me again! No longer, I want to begin my thoughts and my life with Atman and with the suffering of the world. I do not want to kill and dissect myself any longer, to find a secret behind the ruins. Neither Yoga-Veda shall teach me any more, nor Atharva-Veda, nor the ascetics, nor any kind of teachings. I want to learn from myself, want to be my student, want to get to know myself, the secret of Siddhartha."
He looked around, as if he was seeing the world for the first time. Beautiful was the world, colourful was the world, strange and mysterious was the world! Here was blue, here was yellow, here was green, the sky and the river flowed, the forest and the mountains were rigid, all of it was beautiful, all of it was mysterious and magical, and in its midst was he, Siddhartha, the awakening one, on the path to himself. All of this, all this yellow and blue, river and forest, entered Siddhartha for the first time through the eyes, was no longer a spell of Mara, was no longer the veil of Maya, was no longer a pointless and coincidental diversity of mere appearances, despicable to the deeply thinking Brahman, who scorns diversity, who seeks unity. Blue was blue, river was river, and if also in the blue and the river, in Siddhartha, the singular and divine lived hidden, so it was still that very divinity's way and purpose, to be here yellow, here blue, there sky, there forest, and here Siddhartha. The purpose and the essential properties were not somewhere behind the things, they were in them, in everything.
"How deaf and stupid have I been!" he thought, walking swiftly along. "When someone reads a text, wants to discover its meaning, he will not scorn the symbols and letters and call them deceptions, coincidence, and worthless hull, but he will read them, he will study and love them, letter by letter. But I, who wanted to read the book of the world and the book of my own being, I have, for the sake of a meaning I had anticipated before I read, scorned the symbols and letters, I called the visible world a deception, called my eyes and my tongue coincidental and worthless forms without substance. No, this is over, I have awakened, I have indeed awakened and have not been born before this very day."
In thinking this thoughts, Siddhartha stopped once again, suddenly, as if there was a snake lying in front of him on the path.
Because suddenly, he had also become aware of this: He, who was indeed like someone who had just woken up or like a new-born baby, he had to start his life anew and start again at the very beginning. When he had left in this very morning from the grove Jetavana, the grove of that exalted one, already awakening, already on the path towards himself, he had every intention, regarded as natural and took for granted, that he, after years as an ascetic, would return to his home and his father. But now, only in this moment, when he stopped as if a snake was lying on his path, he also awoke to this realization: "But I am no longer the one I was, I am no ascetic any more, I am not a priest any more, I am no Brahman any more. Whatever should I do at home and at my father's place? Study? Make offerings? Practise meditation? But all this is over, all of this is no longer alongside my path."
Motionless, Siddhartha remained standing there, and for the time of one moment and breath, his heart felt cold, he felt a cold in his chest, as a small animal, a bird or a rabbit, would when seeing how alone he was. For many years, he had been without home and had felt nothing. Now, he felt it. Still, even in the deepest meditation, he had been his father's son, had been a Brahman, of a high caste, a cleric. Now, he was nothing but Siddhartha, the awoken one, nothing else was left. Deeply, he inhaled, and for a moment, he felt cold and shivered. Nobody was thus alone as he was. There was no nobleman who did not belong to the noblemen, no worker that did not belong to the workers, and found refuge with them, shared their life, spoke their language. No Brahman, who would not be regarded as Brahmans and lived with them, no ascetic who would not find his refuge in the caste of the Samanas, and even the most forlorn hermit in the forest was not just one and alone, he was also surrounded by a place he belonged to, he also belonged to a caste, in which he was at home. Govinda had become a monk, and a thousand monks were his brothers, wore the same robe as he, believed in his faith, spoke his language. But he, Siddhartha, where did he belong to? With whom would he share his life? Whose language would he speak?
Out of this moment, when the world melted away all around him, when he stood alone like a star in the sky, out of this moment of a cold and despair, Siddhartha emerged, more a self than before, more firmly concentrated. He felt: This had been the last tremor of the awakening, the last struggle of this birth. And it was not long until he walked again in long strides, started to proceed swiftly and impatiently, heading no longer for home, no longer to his father, no longer back.

                       
                                                            Summary
            In this chapter of Siddhartha, he decides to leave his old religion and understanding about Buddha and Govinda and embark on a new journey with an aspiration of acquiring new knowledge. He decides to go on his own journey to find true meaning in his spirit and soul. He compares this new change to when a snake sheds old skin and grows a new one, he emphasizes going through a transformation. Apart from going through changes, Siddhartha starts questioning the teachings that he had received as a child and starts wondering on whether or not it was meaningful to him and/or if he found true significance in his own being. He slowly reveals that he feels like he was afraid of his true self and that at the process of looking for Atman and Nirvana he lost himself and let himself get carried away by other believes.
            After finding the truth that he was searching for, Siddhartha finally found it by connecting with the universe and discovered that he had a meaningful purpose, he also implies that he will no longer be submissive to the teachings of others, but that instead he will find learn from his experiences and findings. He then starts comparing and contrasting how he viewed the world, through the eyes of how he used to view the world under the Brahma influence versus the Atman and Nirvana. During his journey, he decides to return to his hometown and stay with his father but for the first time he felt like he did not belong there because of the different believes that he and his family had.
This particular passage from the story of a boy seeking newness is highly important to me because it reveals a lot of character behind an individual. It showed me that there are no barriers that can stop a person from achieving what he/she truly desires. From reading this passage, I learned that even when many odds seem to be against you, there are still ways of prevailing and finding what the soul truly needs. It is also important to me because I it revealed to me that sometimes, we need to let go of some of the things we think we know and allow newness and different ideologies inspire us.





Saturday, February 14, 2015


Joel Alvarado
2/14/2015
LEH 355
Second Assignment Quote
                                                               “Dada Manifesto
            In the article, “Dada Manifesto” by Hugo Ball there is a highly important quote that states, “How does one achieve eternal bliss? By saying dada. How does one become famous? By saying dada. With a noble gesture and delicate propriety. Till one goes crazy. Till one loses consciousness. How can one get rid of everything that smacks of journalism, worms, everything nice and right, blinkered, moralistic, europeanised, enervated? By saying dada” (Ball 1916). The idea of “Dada” was trying to be implied in that particular quote but it is composed of many other elements that brought about the whole “Dada” movement. The movement was a sort of rebellion that went against all of the norms of society. It started in Zurich, Switzerland at about 1916 by a group of artist such as Hugo Ball.
            The creators of the “Dada” movement knew that it was a good way of bringing awareness to society in a complete different way as oppose to using the regular traditional methods. It was expressed in many different ways, including different styles of paintings, a variety of performance art to poetry, photography and sculptures. The context of the works of art had different purposes and implied different things such as social and economic awareness, preoccupation amongst the individuals of society and some even showed emphasis on the concern of technological advances. I personally believe that the quote places a good definition on what the movement really is and I also agree with the author on the idea that sometimes, new things need to be created in order for change to occur. Although the idea of “Dada” may sound weird it was one of the major influences behind WWI.

Second Assignment Works of Art




Joel Alvarado
2/14/15
LEH 355
Second Assignment
                                                            Works Of Art


"Adolf the Superman: Swallows Gold and Spouts Junk," John Heartfield, 1932
John Heartfield was an artist from Germany that developed a unique method of appropriating and reusing photographs to powerful political effect. His unique technique called “photomontage” allowed him to turn photos into a weapon that triggered certain reactions from the public.
In this photomontage by John Heartfield, we see a black and white image of Adolf Hitler. The colors in this image are really dark, a symbolism of evil. As the context of the image, we see Hitler with his mouth open, it seems to be as if he is yelling but instead of yelling, it looks like someone was dropping coins through his mouth and it created his backbone or spine. We can see this because there is an x-ray collage that shows what the artist thought that Hitler was made up of inside. Underneath Hitler’s spine, there is a collection of coins that are piled up. The photo also shows that Hitler has a Nazi symbol in the left side of his chest instead of his heart. He appears to be in command because he has his uniform on; also his facial expression seems to me like he is giving order.
One of the things that John Heartfield was trying to reveal was the practice of Adolf Hitler’s pro-capitalist practices. The image was a symbolism of how Hitler was backed up by highly wealthy bankers, industrialist and other wealthy capitalist. The purpose of all of those individuals supporting Hitler was because they thought that Hitler was going to strive in the war against the militant workers and retain and eventually defeat the Soviet Union.


"Trench Warfare," Otto Dix, 1932
Otto Dix was born in Germany in 1891, When World War I began, and he was assigned to fight in the front lines of the battle filed. He quickly succeeded amongst the ranks of Vizefeldwebel, Staff Sergeant, before he was wounded in the neck and discharged of service. He then became traumatized by the suffering and drastic experience that he endured from the war. He then used his talent as an artist to paint works of art that would expose the hatred and desolation behind the frontlines of a war. With his paintings, he became a threat to the Nazi empire so he was removed from society and placed into jail for betrayal.
The painting of the “Trench Warfare” is a full vivid, three-dimensional painting of a war zone. In the painting we see a lot of dead bodies everywhere, we see diseases attached to the body, diseases caused by the toxins of the chemical weapons. In the left section of the painting we see a man with a gas mask and a cloak, lurking as if he/she was scavenging for things. On the right hand side of the painting there are a few individuals that are dead, they seem to have insects coming out of their body parts including their faces, legs and the internal organs. In the middle portion of the painting, there are remains of a body hanging from a pole. This painting of the Trench Warfare is the pure image of destruction and it has an emphasis of the brutality that is caused by conflict.

The colors in the painting are extremely vivid; the artist used such high and rich vivid colors to emphasize realism. The reason for the image being so graphic is because the artist wanted the public to see that he was not holding back when he showed how he image of the frontline really is. This painting is a good tool to demonstrate how members that once fought for their country do not have an issue fighting for what they perceived to be what was right.


"Dada Conquerors," Raoul Haussmann, 1920
Raoul Haussmann was born in July 12, 1886, in Vienna, Austria. His father trained him as an artist; he enjoyed being creative and expressing his ideals on paper. He was also very interested in philosophy and literature, which allowed him to publish several articles and poems in cultural magazines. In 1917, he became fascinated by the “Dada” movement and immediately became a part of it. Although he was also a painter, fashion designer, poet, pamphleteer and publisher, Raoul Haussmann used the photomontage to incorporate his works of art, many consider him the creator of the photomontage.
In this particular work of art there are multiple things that are going on at the same time. The first thing to notice is a male looking towards the left of the image; it looks strange because his brain is being shown. Behind him, there are three other gentlemen that are having a conversation but their body language and gestures impose that they are planning or preparing for something. In the middle of the work of art, there is a portrait of a city, sitting on a tripod. Above it, there is a globe with the words “Dada” on it. On the left hand side of the work of art there is a poster with some sort of human anatomy. All throughout the work of art there are random things such as a shoe, typographic machine, a basketball, and something that resembled a satellite.

The artist was interested in different things that were included in the panting such as a shoe because he was a designer. The artist also had a huge concern on science and technology. That is a really important ideology because technology dominates our current society and these artists knew the importance of it.
The “Dada Conquerors" work of art walks amongst the ideas of Dadaism because it is a way of expressing one's thoughts and ideas without it necessarily having to make sense.



Saturday, February 7, 2015


Joel Alvarado
LEH 355
2/6/2015

                                               
Quote: Blind pupils. -- As long as a man knows very well the strength and weaknesses of his teaching, his art, his religion, its power is still slight. The pupil and apostle who, blinded by the authority of the master and by the piety he feels toward him, pays no attention to the weaknesses of a teaching, a religion, and soon usually has for that reason more power than the master. The influence of a man has never yet grown great without his blind pupils. To help a perception to achieve victory often means merely to unite it with stupidity so intimately that the weight of the latter also enforces the victory of the former.
From Nietzsche's Human, all too Human, s.122, R.J. Hollingdale transl.
This amazing quote from Nietzsche delivers various subliminal messages; the apparent subject that the author talks about is a teacher and a learner. Firstly, he talks about how a teacher of any sort (religious, academic, ect.) has to posses the knowledge of what they are trying to portray to the learner, in other words, the teacher has to believe in what he/she does in order to be more credible and have others acknowledge his/her teachings, that includes recognizing the strengths and flaws that they posses in their teachings. Nietzsche also talks about the importance of establishing a positive relationship with the learner in order to establish trust and confidence. He emphasized that when there is a link between both parties, strengthened by trust and respect, only then will the learner actually acquire the knowledge he/she is looking to posses. The author talks about “blind pupils” as a reference of unconditional trust and loyalty to the teachings of the educator.
            This method of thinking is still being practiced today in our current society. We see it in places like churches, school systems and even our government. In order for educators or political figures to implement their wisdoms, they must first earn at a reasonable amount of trust, which is then used to express their teachings or political ways. Another place where this method is used is in religious practices where the people look up and trust the higher authority in the pursuit of a higher power. One of the negative aspects of trusting and believing in someone to the upmost is that some individuals will use that in their advantage to obtain their ways,

Joel Alvarado
LEH 355
2/6/2015
Germany’s economy
According to the CIA (Central Information Agency), Germany is one of the most stabled economic systems in the world, their technological advances allows them to be major importer and exporters of machinery, vehicles, and chemical substances. Germany resides next to Denmark, Poland, Austria, France, Switzerland, Netherland, Belgium and Czech Republic surround Germany, but it is contains the largest number of inhabitants amongst the European Union. One of the things that set Germany apart in terms of their economic strength is that at the backbone of the economy, there are skillful, talented and educated employers which helped German economy to become pioneers in manufacturing industries. The hourly minimum wage in Germany is about 11 an hour but they hold one of the largest unemployment rates amongst the European Union. Normally, Germany gains their power from nuclear reactors but they are moving towards getting rid of all the reactors and are going to start getting energy from renewable resources.
            In 2013, it was reported that Germany had an exchange rate of $3.593 trillion dollars and a 24.7% gross national saving amount, raking Germany as one of the top exchange parties in the world. Germany also has agricultural advantages that allows them have an economic edge. Germany’s agriculture consists of potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; milk products; cattle, pigs and poultry but the real business that gives them the advantage is the major exports of their commodities such as motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products.